BVRMIT-103 - Table of Contents
Unit-1. Parasitology
Ch-1.1
Introduction to Parasitology
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- Definition and scope of parasitology
- Classification of parasites
- Types of parasites
- Types of hosts
- Host-parasite relationship
- Modes of transmission
- Life cycles of parasites
- Medically important parasitic infections
- Laboratory diagnosis of parasitic infections
- Prevention and control of parasitic diseases
Ch-1.2
Entamoeba histolytica
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- Introduction and morphology
- Trophozoite and cyst forms
- Habitat and distribution
- Life cycle
- Mode of transmission
- Pathogenesis
- Intestinal amoebiasis
- Extraintestinal amoebiasis
- Amoebic liver abscess
- Clinical manifestations
- Laboratory diagnosis
- Prevention and control
Ch-1.3
Leishmania
-
- Introduction to Leishmania
- Morphological forms
- Promastigote and amastigote forms
- Life cycle
- Vector and mode of transmission
- Visceral leishmaniasis
- Cutaneous leishmaniasis
- Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
- Clinical manifestations
- Laboratory diagnosis
- Prevention and control
Ch-1.4
Medically Important Parasites of Humans
-
- Classification of medically important parasites
- Protozoan parasites
- Helminthic parasites
- Intestinal parasites
- Tissue parasites
- Blood parasites
- Modes of transmission
- Common parasitic diseases
- Laboratory diagnosis
- Prevention and control
Ch-1.5
Helminthology
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- Introduction to helminthology
- Classification of helminths
- Nematodes
- Cestodes
- Trematodes
- General morphology of helminths
- Life cycles
- Modes of transmission
- Clinical importance
- Laboratory diagnosis
- Prevention and control
Ch-1.6
Taenia saginata
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- Introduction and morphology
- Adult worm and segments
- Egg and larval forms
- Intermediate and definitive hosts
- Life cycle
- Mode of transmission
- Taeniasis
- Clinical manifestations
- Laboratory diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention and control
Ch-1.7
Taenia solium
-
- Introduction and morphology
- Adult worm and segments
- Egg and larval forms
- Intermediate and definitive hosts
- Life cycle
- Mode of transmission
- Taeniasis
- Cysticercosis
- Neurocysticercosis
- Clinical manifestations
- Laboratory diagnosis
- Prevention and control
Ch-1.8
Echinococcus granulosus
-
- Introduction and morphology
- Adult worm
- Egg and larval forms
- Definitive and intermediate hosts
- Life cycle
- Hydatid cyst formation
- Hepatic involvement
- Pulmonary involvement
- Clinical manifestations
- Imaging features of hydatid disease
- Laboratory diagnosis
- Prevention and control
Ch-1.9
Ascaris lumbricoides
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- Introduction and morphology
- Male and female worms
- Egg morphology
- Life cycle
- Mode of transmission
- Larval migration
- Intestinal ascariasis
- Complications
- Clinical manifestations
- Laboratory diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention and control
Ch-1.10
Ancylostoma duodenale
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- Introduction and morphology
- Adult worm and eggs
- Life cycle
- Mode of transmission
- Skin penetration
- Larval migration
- Intestinal infection
- Hookworm anemia
- Clinical manifestations
- Laboratory diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention and control
Ch-1.11
Strongyloides stercoralis
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- Introduction and morphology
- Larval forms
- Free-living and parasitic stages
- Life cycle
- Autoinfection
- Mode of transmission
- Strongyloidiasis
- Hyperinfection syndrome
- Clinical manifestations
- Laboratory diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention and control
Unit-2. Microbiology
Ch-2.1
Morphology of Bacteria
-
- Introduction to bacteria
- Size and shape of bacteria
- Cocci and bacilli
- Spiral and filamentous bacteria
- Bacterial cell structure
- Cell wall and cell membrane
- Capsule
- Flagella and pili
- Endospores
- Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
- Staining methods
Ch-2.2
Physiology of Bacteria
-
- Bacterial growth
- Growth requirements
- Nutritional requirements
- Temperature and pH requirements
- Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria
- Bacterial metabolism
- Culture media
- Bacterial reproduction
- Growth curve
- Factors affecting bacterial growth
- Laboratory culture methods
Ch-2.3
Staphylococcus
-
- Introduction to Staphylococcus
- Morphology and characteristics
- Classification of staphylococci
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Coagulase-positive and coagulase-negative species
- Sources and transmission
- Pathogenesis
- Common infections
- Food poisoning and toxin-mediated disease
- Laboratory diagnosis
- Treatment and prevention
Ch-2.4
Streptococcus
-
- Introduction to Streptococcus
- Morphology and characteristics
- Classification of streptococci
- Hemolytic patterns
- Streptococcus pyogenes
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Viridans streptococci
- Pathogenesis
- Common clinical infections
- Complications
- Laboratory diagnosis
- Prevention and treatment
Ch-2.5
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
-
- Introduction to Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- Morphology and characteristics
- Acid-fast bacilli
- Cell wall structure
- Transmission of tuberculosis
- Pathogenesis
- Primary tuberculosis
- Secondary tuberculosis
- Extrapulmonary tuberculosis
- Clinical manifestations
- Laboratory diagnosis
- Prevention and control
Ch-2.6
Spirochetes
-
- Introduction to spirochetes
- Morphology and structure
- Motility
- Important genera
- Treponema
- Borrelia
- Leptospira
- Diseases caused by spirochetes
- Modes of transmission
- Clinical manifestations
- Laboratory diagnosis
- Prevention and control
Ch-2.7
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
-
- Introduction and morphology
- Characteristics of Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Arrangement of bacterial cells
- Culture characteristics
- Diphtheria toxin
- Mode of transmission
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical manifestations of diphtheria
- Complications
- Laboratory diagnosis
- Prevention and vaccination
Unit-3. Virology
Ch-3.1
General Properties of Viruses
-
- Introduction to viruses
- General characteristics of viruses
- Viral size and structure
- Viral genome
- DNA and RNA viruses
- Capsid and envelope
- Viral replication
- Attachment and penetration
- Replication and assembly
- Release of viruses
- Modes of transmission
- Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections
Ch-3.2
Herpes Viruses
-
- Introduction to herpes viruses
- General structure
- Herpes simplex virus type 1
- Herpes simplex virus type 2
- Varicella-zoster virus
- Epstein-Barr virus
- Cytomegalovirus
- Modes of transmission
- Latency and reactivation
- Clinical manifestations
- Laboratory diagnosis
- Prevention and treatment
Ch-3.3
Poliovirus
-
- Introduction to poliovirus
- Classification and structure
- Genome and replication
- Mode of transmission
- Pathogenesis
- Central nervous system involvement
- Clinical forms of poliomyelitis
- Paralytic poliomyelitis
- Laboratory diagnosis
- Vaccination
- Prevention and eradication
Ch-3.4
Hepatitis Viruses
-
- Introduction to hepatitis viruses
- Hepatitis A virus
- Hepatitis B virus
- Hepatitis C virus
- Hepatitis D virus
- Hepatitis E virus
- Structure and genome
- Modes of transmission
- Acute and chronic hepatitis
- Pathogenesis
- Clinical manifestations
- Laboratory diagnosis
- Vaccination and prevention
Ch-3.5
Oncogenic Viruses
-
- Introduction to oncogenic viruses
- Viral oncogenesis
- Mechanisms of malignant transformation
- Human papillomavirus
- Epstein-Barr virus
- Hepatitis B virus
- Hepatitis C virus
- Human T-cell leukemia virus
- Virus-associated malignancies
- Clinical significance
- Laboratory diagnosis
- Prevention and control
Ch-3.6
HIV
-
- Introduction to HIV
- Structure of HIV
- HIV genome
- Types of HIV
- Modes of transmission
- Target cells and immune response
- Viral replication
- Pathogenesis of HIV infection
- Stages of HIV infection
- Opportunistic infections
- AIDS and associated conditions
- Laboratory diagnosis
- Prevention and treatment
Unit-4. Pathology
Ch-4.1
Inflammation
-
- Definition and causes of inflammation
- Acute inflammation
- Chronic inflammation
- Vascular changes
- Cellular events in inflammation
- Inflammatory mediators
- Leukocyte migration
- Phagocytosis
- Systemic effects of inflammation
- Healing and repair
- Complications of inflammation
Ch-4.2
Neoplasia
-
- Definition of neoplasia
- Benign and malignant tumors
- Nomenclature of tumors
- Characteristics of benign tumors
- Characteristics of malignant tumors
- Cellular atypia
- Dysplasia and carcinoma in situ
- Invasion and metastasis
- Routes of tumor spread
- Grading and staging
- Common cancers
- Imaging evaluation of tumors
Ch-4.3
Osteomyelitis
-
- Definition of osteomyelitis
- Causes and causative organisms
- Routes of infection
- Acute osteomyelitis
- Chronic osteomyelitis
- Pathological changes
- Clinical manifestations
- Complications
- Laboratory investigations
- Radiographic findings
- Ultrasound and CT evaluation
- MRI findings in osteomyelitis
- Management principles
Ch-4.4
Fractures
-
- Definition of fracture
- Causes of fractures
- Classification of fractures
- Closed and open fractures
- Complete and incomplete fractures
- Transverse and oblique fractures
- Spiral fractures
- Comminuted fractures
- Displaced and nondisplaced fractures
- Fracture healing
- Complications of fractures
- Radiographic evaluation
- CT and MRI in fracture assessment
Ch-4.5
Osteoporosis
-
- Definition of osteoporosis
- Normal bone remodeling
- Causes and risk factors
- Primary osteoporosis
- Secondary osteoporosis
- Loss of bone mineral density
- Clinical manifestations
- Fragility fractures
- Vertebral compression fractures
- Bone mineral density assessment
- Radiographic features
- Prevention and management
Ch-4.6
Rickets
-
- Definition of rickets
- Causes of rickets
- Vitamin D deficiency
- Calcium and phosphate metabolism
- Pathogenesis
- Changes in growing bones
- Clinical manifestations
- Bone deformities
- Laboratory findings
- Radiographic features
- Complications
- Prevention and treatment
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