2D Echo
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TIFA /
Level-2
Targeted Imaging for Fetal Anomalies (TIFA) Scan/Level-2
TIFA
TIFA Scan / Level 2 Ultrasound
The Targeted Imaging for Fetal Anomalies (TIFA) Scan,
also known as the Level 2 Ultrasound or
Anomaly Scan, is a comprehensive prenatal ultrasound
performed between 18 and 22 weeks of pregnancy.
This detailed examination assesses the baby's growth and development by
carefully evaluating major organs, including the brain, heart, spine,
face, kidneys, stomach, bladder, and limbs. It also examines the
placenta, amniotic fluid, umbilical cord, and cervix to help monitor
the overall health of the pregnancy.
The TIFA scan plays a vital role in detecting many structural
abnormalities before birth, allowing healthcare providers to plan
appropriate care and management when needed. It is a
safe, non-invasive, and painless procedure that uses
ultrasound waves and does not expose the mother or baby to radiation.
As a routine part of second-trimester prenatal care, the TIFA scan
provides reassurance about your baby's development and supports
informed decision-making throughout pregnancy.
Objectives of the TIFA Scan
The Targeted Imaging for Fetal Anomalies (TIFA) Scan,
also known as the Level II Obstetric Ultrasound, is
performed during the second trimester to conduct a comprehensive
evaluation of fetal anatomy, growth, and overall well-being.
The primary objectives are as follows:
-
To Detect Congenital Fetal Anomalies
- Identify structural abnormalities affecting the fetal brain, face, spine, heart, lungs, diaphragm, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys, urinary bladder, abdominal wall, and limbs.
- Facilitate early diagnosis of major and minor congenital malformations.
-
To Evaluate Fetal Anatomy Systematically
- Perform a detailed examination of all major fetal organ systems using standardized imaging planes and protocols.
- Confirm normal anatomical development appropriate for the gestational age.
-
To Assess Fetal Growth and Biometry
- Measure Biparietal Diameter (BPD).
- Measure Head Circumference (HC).
- Measure Abdominal Circumference (AC).
- Measure Femur Length (FL).
- Measure Humerus Length (HL), when indicated.
- Estimate Fetal Weight (EFW) and compare measurements with gestational age.
-
To Assess Fetal Cardiac Anatomy
- Evaluate the fetal heart using standard cardiac views, including the four-chamber view and outflow tracts.
- Detect congenital heart defects and abnormalities in cardiac position, size, rhythm, and function.
-
To Determine Placental Location and Morphology
- Identify the position of the placenta (anterior, posterior, fundal, or low-lying).
- Assess placental appearance and detect abnormalities such as placenta previa or abnormal placental morphology.
-
To Evaluate the Amniotic Fluid Volume
- Assess whether the amniotic fluid volume is within the normal range.
- Detect oligohydramnios or polyhydramnios, which may indicate fetal or maternal complications.
-
To Examine the Umbilical Cord
- Confirm the presence of a three-vessel umbilical cord.
- Evaluate cord insertion into the placenta and fetal abdomen when feasible.
-
To Assess the Cervix and Uterus
- Measure cervical length, when clinically indicated, to estimate the risk of preterm birth.
- Identify uterine abnormalities or masses that may affect pregnancy.
-
To Confirm Fetal Viability and Presentation
- Verify fetal cardiac activity and movement.
- Determine fetal presentation (cephalic, breech, transverse, or oblique), recognizing that presentation may change before delivery.
-
To Identify Soft Markers for Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Detect ultrasound markers associated with increased risk of chromosomal disorders, including increased nuchal fold thickness, echogenic bowel, echogenic intracardiac focus, mild ventriculomegaly, shortened long bones, and renal pelvic dilatation.
- Recommend further evaluation or genetic testing when appropriate.
-
To Guide Further Prenatal Management
- Facilitate referral to fetal medicine specialists when abnormalities are detected.
- Assist in planning additional investigations, fetal surveillance, intrauterine therapy (when available), delivery planning, and postnatal care.
-
To Provide Parental Counseling
- Provide accurate diagnostic information regarding fetal development.
- Support informed decision-making by explaining findings, prognosis, available treatment options, and expected neonatal outcomes.
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