Nasal & Paranasal Sinus Ultrasound

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Nasal & Paranasal Sinus — Contents

Transducer choice (high-frequency linear / small footprint), presets, focal zones & patient positioning Surface landmarks, probe axes for maxillary, frontal, ethmoid & sphenoid sinuses

Maxillary (sublabial/transbuccal), frontal (supraorbital), anterior ethmoid windows Nasal cavity, nasal septum, inferior turbinate and surrounding soft tissues

Fluid levels, mucosal thickening, air-fluid levels and dependent echoes Chronic changes: mucosal hypertrophy, polyps and sclerosis

Polypoid soft tissue vs inflammatory polyp: mobility, vascularity & attachment Mucocele appearance, expansion and bone remodeling clues

Orbital/lamina papyracea breach, emphysema, hematoma & retained foreign bodies Limitations: cortical bone shadowing and when to escalate to CT

Periapical abscesses tracking to maxillary sinus and oroantral fistula clues Dental cysts and sinus floor integrity

Power/color Doppler for inflamed mucosa, polyp vascularity and abscess rim enhancement Iatrogenic bleeding and pseudoaneurysm mapping

Guided aspiration of sinus collections, cyst drainage and needle biopsy of accessible polyps Pre-procedure mapping and safe corridors (avoid orbital/vascular injury)

Developmental sinus pneumatization, neonatal sinus pathology and cystic lesions Minimizing distress and rapid bedside assessment in children

Suggested structured report items: location, size, contents (fluid/solid), Doppler, bone breach & recommendation (CT/MR) Reference reading & imaging correlates (CT/Endoscopy)

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Nasal & Paranasal Sinus — Bilingual MCQ Panel

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