Neural Tube Defects

📝 Fetal 1 🧾 Early First Trimester (GS) 2 🧾First Trimester (embryo 6-10w 6d) 3 🧾 First Trimester (11-13w 6d) 4 🧾 Second Trimester 5 🧾 Third Trimester 6 🧾 NT Screening 7 🧾 NT Screening Specific Dopler 8 🧾 Fetal Anomalies Screening / TIFA 9 🧾 TIFA-Specific Fetal Doppler 10 🧾 Doppler Studies 11 🧾 Biophysical Profile / NST 12 🧾 RMT Assessment 📝 Other Findings 1 🧾 Hydrops fetalis or water baby 2 🧾 Conjoined twins 3 🧾 Genetic Abnormalities and Syndromes 4 🧾 Umbilical cord 5 🧾 Placenta 6 🧾 Amniotic fluid 7 🧾 Fetal face 8 🧾 Fetal neck 9 🧾 Central Nervous System 10 🧾 Neural Tube Defects 11 🧾 Cardiac Anomalies 12 🧾 Thorax 13 🧾 Gastrointestinal Abnormalities 14 🧾 Genitourinary Abnormalities 15 🧾 Skeletal Dysplasia 16 🧾 Congenital Infections 17 🧾 Fetal Case Study

Diagnos

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1. NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS – CORE ASSESSMENT

📄 Intact Cranial Vault

📄 Intact Vertebral Arches

📄 Normal Skin Coverage over Spine

📄 Normal Craniospinal Alignment

2. CRANIAL NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS

📄 Anencephaly

📄 Acrania

📄 Exencephaly

📄 Encephalocele (Occipital / Parietal / Frontal)

📄 Cranial Meningocele

3. SPINAL NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS

📄 Open Spina Bifida

📄 Closed Spina Bifida

📄 Myelomeningocele

📄 Meningocele

📄 Myeloschisis

📄 Sacral / Lumbar / Thoracic / Cervical Level Defect

4. INDIRECT CRANIAL SIGNS (SPINA BIFIDA)

📄 Lemon Sign (Frontal Bone Scalloping)

📄 Banana Sign (Cerebellar Shape Abnormality)

📄 Obliterated Cisterna Magna

📄 Ventriculomegaly

📄 Small Posterior Fossa

5. FIRST-TRIMESTER MARKERS

📄 Absent Cranial Vault (11–13+6 Weeks)

📄 Irregular Brain Tissue Exposure

📄 Abnormal Brainstem-to-Occipital Bone Ratio

📄 Intracranial Translucency Absent

6. ASSOCIATED CNS ABNORMALITIES

📄 Arnold–Chiari II Malformation

📄 Hydrocephalus

📄 Agenesis of Corpus Callosum

📄 Posterior Fossa Abnormalities

7. ASSOCIATED SYSTEMIC FINDINGS

📄 Lower Limb Deformities

📄 Clubfoot (Talipes)

📄 Neurogenic Bladder

📄 Polyhydramnios

8. ETIOLOGICAL & RISK FACTORS

📄 Folic Acid Deficiency

📄 Maternal Diabetes Mellitus

📄 Antiepileptic Drug Exposure

📄 Genetic Predisposition

📄 Hyperthermia in Early Pregnancy

9. PROGNOSTIC & COUNSELING POINTS

📄 Level of Lesion Determines Neurological Outcome

📄 Open vs Closed Defect Prognosis

📄 Associated Chromosomal / Structural Anomalies

📄 Eligibility for Prenatal or Postnatal Surgical Repair

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