1. FETAL NECK – CORE ASSESSMENT
๐ Normal Fetal Neck Contour
๐ Normal Nuchal Region without Mass or Thickening
๐ Symmetrical Cervical Soft Tissues
๐ Normal Cervical Spine Alignment
2. NUCHAL THICKNESS / NT ASSESSMENT
๐ Normal Nuchal Translucency (11–13+6 Weeks)
๐ Increased Nuchal Translucency
๐ Thickened Nuchal Fold (Second Trimester)
๐ Absent or Indistinct Nuchal Fold
3. CYSTIC & FLUID COLLECTIONS
๐ Cystic Hygroma (Septated)
๐ Non-Septated Cystic Hygroma
๐ Posterior Cervical Fluid Collection
๐ Generalized Nuchal Edema
4. SOLID / COMPLEX MASSES
๐ Cervical Teratoma
๐ Lymphatic Malformation
๐ Hemangioma / Vascular Malformation
๐ Thyroid Enlargement (Fetal Goiter)
5. AIRWAY & FUNCTIONAL CONSIDERATIONS
๐ Normal Fetal Neck Extension and Flexion
๐ Airway Compression or Deviation
๐ Tracheal Displacement
๐ Impaired Fetal Swallowing
6. ASSOCIATED FINDINGS
๐ Associated Hydrops Fetalis
๐ Polyhydramnios (Swallowing Impairment)
๐ Abnormal Cervical Spine or Vertebral Defects
๐ Facial or Thoracic Extension of Neck Mass
7. SOFT MARKERS & SCREENING SIGNIFICANCE
๐ Increased NT – Aneuploidy Risk
๐ Thickened Nuchal Fold – Trisomy 21 Marker
๐ Persistent Nuchal Edema
8. ETIOLOGICAL & SYNDROMIC ASSOCIATIONS
๐ Chromosomal Abnormalities (Trisomy 21, 18, 13)
๐ Turner Syndrome (45,X)
๐ Noonan Syndrome
๐ Congenital Heart Disease
๐ Skeletal Dysplasias
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