๐ Normal
INDICATION-SPECIFIC FINDINGS
1๐ Evaluation of dyspnea in non-ambulatory patient
2๐ Assessment of pleural effusion when PA not possible
3๐ ICU monitoring (post-procedure / post-intubation)
PLEURAL PATHOLOGY
4๐ Small pleural effusion (basal meniscus sign)
5๐ Moderate pleural effusion (partial layering)
6๐ Subpulmonic effusion
7๐ Hydropneumothorax (air–fluid level)
PNEUMOTHORAX & AIR LEAK
8๐ Small pneumothorax (more conspicuous than supine)
9๐ Apical pneumothorax
10๐ Subcutaneous emphysema
ACUTE LUNG PATHOLOGY
11๐ Pulmonary edema (perihilar haze, basal opacities)
12๐ Aspiration pneumonia (dependent segments)
13๐ Atelectasis (gravity-dependent)
CARDIAC & MEDIASTINAL FINDINGS
14๐ Apparent cardiomegaly (AP projection)
15๐ Mediastinal widening
16๐ Prominent pulmonary vessels
LINES, TUBES & DEVICES
17๐ Endotracheal tube position
18๐ Central venous catheter
19๐ Nasogastric tube position
20๐ Intercostal drainage tube
TRAUMA APPLICATIONS
21๐ Hemothorax (partial layering)
22๐ Pulmonary contusion
23๐ Rib fractures
COMMON LIMITATIONS & PITFALLS
24๐ Reduced sensitivity for small effusions vs erect PA
25๐ AP magnification of cardiac silhouette
26๐ Scapular overlap obscuring lung fields
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