Gall bladder
PATHOLOGY
01
CHAPTER-1
NORMAL CONGENITAL VARIANT
02
CHAPTER-2
CHOLELITHIASIS & RELATED
03
CHAPTER-3
INFLAMMATORY AND INFECTIVE CHOLECYSTITIS
04
CHAPTER-4
COMPLICATIONS OF CHOLECYSTITIS
05
CHAPTER-5
GALLBLADDER POLYPS AND BENIGN TUMOROID LESIONS
06
CHAPTER-6
ADENOMYOMATOSIS AND VARIANTS
07
CHAPTER-7
GALLBLADDER NEOPLASIA — BENIGN
08
CHAPTER-8
GALLBLADDER NEOPLASIA — MALIGNANT
09
CHAPTER-9
CYSTIC AND NON-NEOPLASTIC LESIONS
10
CHAPTER-10
TRAUMATIC, POST-SURGICAL AND IATROGENIC
11
CHAPTER-11
VASCULAR, ISCHEMIC AND HEMORRHAGIC
12
CHAPTER-12
SYSTEMIC, SECONDARY AND EXTRA-CORPOREAL
13
CHAPTER-13
RARE AND MISCELLANEOUS
01
chapter-1
NORMAL & CONGENITAL VARIANT
- 1Post-Meal gb stetus
- 2Physiologic Sludge Layering (Transient)
- 3Phrygian Cap
- 4Septate Gallbladder
- 5Junctional Fold
- 6Posture-Dependent Bile Layering
- 7Physiologic Gas or Microbubbles (Artifact)
- 8Agenesis of Gallbladder
- 9Hypoplasia
- 10Duplication (Double Gallbladder)
- 11Bilobed Gallbladder
- 12Floating Gallbladder
- 13Left-Sided Gallbladder
- 14Intrahepatic Gallbladder
- 15Ectopic Gallbladder
- 16Accessory Gallbladder or duplication
- 17Choledochal Cyst (Type I–V Involvement)
- 18Gallbladder Diverticulum
02
chapter-2
CHOLELITHIASIS & RELATED
- 1Gallstones/Cholelithiasis
- 2Biliary Gravel/Microlithiasis
- 3Biliary Sand
- 4Sludge Balls (Non-Shadowing Echogenic Material)
- 5Layering Biliary Sludge
- 6Tumefactive Sludge (Mass-Like, No Shadow)
- 7Gallstone with Bile–Sludge Complex
- 8Porcelain Gallbladder
- 9WES Sign/Complex
- 10Milk-of-Calcium Bile
- 11Cystic Duct Stone
- 12Bouveret Syndrome
- 13Mirizzi Syndrome
- 14Gallstone Ileus
- 15Stone Impaction with Perforation
03
chapter-3
INFLAMMATORY AND INFECTIVE CHOLECYSTITIS
- 1Acute Calculous Cholecystitis (Thick Wall, Stones, Hyperemia)
- 2Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis (Critically Ill, Sludge, Wall Thickening)
- 3Chronic Cholecystitis (Fibrotic, Contracted, Thick Wall)
- 4Gangrenous Cholecystitis (Irregular Wall, Intraluminal Membranes)
- 5Emphysematous Cholecystitis (Air Foci, Dirty Shadow)
- 6Suppurative Cholecystitis (Abscess Formation)
- 7Necrotizing Cholecystitis
- 8Hemorrhagic Cholecystitis
- 9Post-Infective Chronic Cholecystitis
- 10Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis (XGC)
- 11Eosinophilic Cholecystitis
- 12Follicular Cholecystitis
- 13Tuberculous Cholecystitis
- 14Typhoid Cholecystitis
- 15Parasitic Cholecystitis (Ascaris / Clonorchis)
- 16Fungal Cholecystitis (Candida, Aspergillus)
- 17Viral Cholecystitis (CMV, EBV)
- 18Post-Radiation Cholecystitis
- 19Chronic Adhesive Cholecystitis
- 20Post-Stent Inflammatory Reaction
- 21Chemical Cholecystitis (Post-Contrast Injury)
- 22Autoimmune Cholecystitis (IgG4-Related)
- 23Post-Trauma Gallbladder Wall Inflammation
- 24Diabetic Cholecystitis (Often Emphysematous)
- 25Cholecystitis in Sickle Cell Crisis (Ischemic)
- 26Cholecystitis in Pregnancy (Biliary Stasis-Related)
- 27Post-Cholecystostomy Infection
- 28Bacterial Empyema
- 29Sepsis-Related Gallbladder Wall Thickening
- 30Chronic Catarrhal Cholecystitis
04
chapter-4
COMPLICATIONS OF CHOLECYSTITIS
- 1Pericholecystic Abscess
- 2Gallbladder Perforation — Localized (Contained)
- 3Gallbladder Perforation — Generalized (Peritonitis)
- 4Intraluminal Hemorrhage / Clot
- 5Pericholecystic Fluid Collection
- 6Cholecystohepatic Fistula
- 7Cholecystoduodenal Fistula
- 8Cholecystocolic Fistula
- 9Cholecystocutaneous Fistula (Abdominal Wall Tract)
- 10Empyema (Pus-Filled Gallbladder)
- 11Phlegmonous Cholecystitis
- 12Sepsis with Portal Pyaemia
- 13Bile Leak / Biliary Peritonitis
- 14Hepatic Abscess Secondary to Perforation
- 15Subhepatic Abscess
- 16Peritoneal Abscess from Rupture
- 17Septic Thrombophlebitis (Portal)
- 18Chronic Fibrotic Adhesion to Liver
- 19Post-Perforation Biloma
- 20Peritoneal Pseudocyst from Bile Leak
05
chapter-5
POLYPS AND BENIGN TUMOROID LESIONS
- 1Cholesterol Polyp (<10 mm, Echogenic, Non-Shadowing)
- 2Adenomatous Polyp
- 3Inflammatory Polyp
- 4Hyperplastic Polyp
- 5Fibroepithelial Polyp
- 6Multiple Small Polyps (Cholesterolosis)
- 7Sessile Broad-Based Polyp (Adenoma)
- 8Polyp with Vascular Stalk (Doppler Flow Visible)
- 9Polypoid Adenomyomatous Nodule
- 10Granulomatous Polyp (TB/Sarcoid)
- 11Lipomatous Polyp (Rare)
- 12Pseudopolyp in XGC
- 13Post-Inflammatory Polyp
- 14Villous Adenoma (Rare)
- 15Solitary Benign Polyp (Stable on Follow-Up)
06
chapter-6
ADENOMYOMATOSIS AND VARIANTS
- 1Segmental Adenomyomatosis
- 2Fundal Adenomyomatosis
- 3Diffuse Adenomyomatosis
- 4Rokitansky–Aschoff Sinuses (Comet-Tail Artifact)
- 5Cholesterolosis (Strawberry Gallbladder)
- 6Adenomyoma (Localized Thickening)
- 7Adenomatous Hyperplasia
- 8Xanthogranulomatous Focus
- 9Post-Inflammatory Adenomyomatous Change
- 10Adenomyomatosis with Stones
07
chapter-7
GALLBLADDER NEOPLASIA — BENIGN
08
chapter-8
GALLBLADDER NEOPLASIA — MALIGNANT
- 1Adenocarcinoma (Most Common Primary)
- 2Papillary Adenocarcinoma
- 3Mucinous Adenocarcinoma
- 4Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma
- 5Squamous Carcinoma
- 6Adenosquamous Carcinoma
- 7Undifferentiated Carcinoma
- 8Small Cell Carcinoma (Neuroendocrine)
- 9Large Cell Carcinoma
- 10Sarcomatoid Carcinoma
- 11Cholangiocarcinoma Invading Gallbladder
- 12Mixed Adeno-Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
- 13Metastatic Carcinoma (Melanoma, Renal, Breast)
- 14Lymphoma Involving Gallbladder
- 15Metastatic Hepatic Carcinoma Infiltration
- 16Carcinoma In Situ (Dysplastic Mucosa)
- 17Post-Chronic Cholecystitis Carcinoma
- 18Porcelain Gallbladder Carcinoma
- 19Gallbladder Cancer with Liver Invasion
- 20Gallbladder Cancer with Bile Duct Invasion
- 21Gallbladder Cancer with Duodenal Invasion
- 22Gallbladder Cancer with Hepatic Hilum Involvement
- 23Gallbladder Cancer with Peritoneal Metastases
- 24Gallbladder Cancer with Lymphatic Spread
- 25Recurrent Carcinoma (Post-Surgery Bed)
09
chapter-9
CYSTIC AND NON-NEOPLASTIC LESIONS
- 1Simple Cyst of Gallbladder Wall
- 2Intramural Cystic Degeneration
- 3Cystic Adenomyoma
- 4Parasitic Cyst (Echinococcus in Wall)
- 5Pericholecystic Cyst (Bile or Seroma)
- 6Cystic Duct Cyst (Type II Choledochal Cyst)
- 7Gallbladder Duplication Cyst
- 8Intraluminal Cystic Mass (Retention Cyst)
- 9Mucocoele (Overdistended Mucus-Filled Gallbladder)
- 10Giant Mucocoele with Compression Effect
10
chapter-10
TRAUMATIC, POST-SURGICAL AND IATROGENIC
- 1Blunt Trauma with Wall Hematoma
- 2Lacerated Gallbladder Wall
- 3Intraluminal Blood Clot
- 4Post-Cholecystectomy Fluid Collection
- 5Post-Cholecystectomy Stump Inflammation
- 6Post-Cholecystectomy Abscess
- 7Post-Drain Tract Infection
- 8Post-Biliary Stent Migration
- 9Post-T-Tube Sinus Tract
- 10Post-ERCP Cholangitis with GB Distension
- 11Post-Sphincterotomy Bile Reflux
- 12Post-Portal Vein Embolization Ischemic Gallbladder
- 13Post-Radiofrequency Ablation Thermal Injury
- 14Post-Laparoscopy Gas Artifact
- 15Post-Cholecystectomy Stump Carcinoma
- 16Postoperative Adhesive Phlegmon
- 17Iatrogenic Perforation
- 18Post-Mesh Inflammatory Reaction
- 19Post-Surgical Fibrosis and Scar
- 20Residual Cystic Duct Stone
11
chapter-11
VASCULAR, ISCHEMIC AND HEMORRHAGIC
- 1Ischemic Cholecystitis (Arterial Occlusion)
- 2Venous Congestion (Portal Hypertension)
- 3Cystic Artery Thrombosis
- 4Wall Infarction (Necrosis)
- 5Portal Pyaemia (Secondary Infection)
- 6Post-Embolization Ischemia
- 7Wall Varices (Portal Hypertension)
- 8Hemorrhagic Wall Necrosis
- 9Subserosal Hematoma
- 10Arteriovenous Malformation (Rare)
12
chapter-12
SYSTEMIC, SECONDARY AND EXTRA-CORPOREAL
- 1Ascites-Related Wall Thickening
- 2Cirrhotic Edema of Gallbladder Wall
- 3CHF-Related Gallbladder Wall Edema
- 4Renal Failure with Hypoalbuminemic Wall Edema
- 5Sepsis-Related Diffuse Wall Thickening
- 6Hypoproteinemia-Related Distension
- 7Portal Hypertension with Pericholecystic Varices
- 8Hepatitis-Associated Wall Edema
- 9Pancreatitis Causing Secondary Cholecystitis
- 10Pericholecystic Abscess Secondary to Hepatic Abscess
- 11Duodenal Ulcer Perforation Affecting Gallbladder Wall
- 12Colon Carcinoma Invading Gallbladder Fossa
- 13Hepatocellular Carcinoma Invading Gallbladder
- 14Cholangiocarcinoma Spreading to Gallbladder
- 15Ovarian Carcinoma Invading via Peritoneum
- 16Pancreatic Carcinoma Compressing Cystic Duct
- 17Metastatic Peritoneal Implants Near Gallbladder
- 18Gallbladder Wall Thickening from Adjacent Hepatic Abscess
- 19Post-Radiation Cholecystopathy
- 20Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Involving Gallbladder Surface
13
chapter-13
RARE AND MISCELLANEOUS
- 1GB Torsion (Floating GB with Absent Flow)
- 2GB Volvulus (Rotation of Cystic Duct/Artery)
- 3GB Herniation into Diaphragm
- 4Post-Infarct GB Rupture
- 5Cholecystoenteric Fistula Without Stones
- 6GB Distension from Prolonged Fasting
- 7GB Pseudomass (Artifact)
- 8Subserosal Edema (Systemic)
- 9GB Wall Calcinosis (Porcelain Variant)
- 10GB Cholesterol Polyposis
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