Fetal Doppler study

Fetal
DOPPLER STUDIES

01 CHAPTER-1

UMBILICAL ARTERY DOPPLER ABNORMALITIES

02 CHAPTER-2

MCA DOPPLER ABNORMALITIES

03 CHAPTER-3

CEREBROPLACENTAL RATIO (CPR) ABNORMALITIES

04 CHAPTER-4

DUCTUS VENOSUS DOPPLER ABNORMALITIES

05 CHAPTER-5

UMBILICAL VEIN DOPPLER ABNORMALITIES

06 CHAPTER-6

UTERINE ARTERY DOPPLER ABNORMALITIES

07 CHAPTER-7

CARDIAC DOPPLER ABNORMALITIES

08 CHAPTER-8

TWIN PREGNANCY DOPPLER ABNORMALITIES

09 CHAPTER-9

PLACENTAL & SPECIAL DOPPLER FINDINGS

01

chapter-1

UMBILICAL ARTERY DOPPLER ABNORMALITIES

• 1Placental Insufficiency
• 2Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR/IUGR)
• 3Uteroplacental Insufficiency
• 4Increased Placental Vascular Resistance
• 5Severe Placental Dysfunction
• 6Early-Onset Fetal Growth Restriction
• 7Late-Onset Fetal Growth Restriction
• 8Fetal Hypoxemia
• 9Fetal Hemodynamic Compromise
• 10Impaired Fetoplacental Circulation
• 11Preeclampsia-Associated Placental Dysfunction
• 12Abnormal Placentation
• 13Placental Vascular Malperfusion
• 14Fetoplacental Circulatory Insufficiency
• 15Severe Fetal Compromise

02

chapter-2

MCA DOPPLER ABNORMALITIES

• 1Fetal Cerebral Redistribution (Brain-Sparing Effect)
• 2Fetal Hypoxemia
• 3Fetal Anemia
• 4Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR/IUGR)
• 5Placental Insufficiency
• 6Cerebroplacental Ratio Abnormality
• 7Fetal Hemodynamic Compromise
• 8Severe Fetal Hypoxia
• 9Fetomaternal Hemorrhage
• 10Maternal–Fetal Red-Cell Alloimmunization
• 11Parvovirus B19–Associated Fetal Anemia
• 12Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS)–Related Hemodynamic Abnormality
• 13Twin Anemia–Polycythemia Sequence (TAPS)
• 14High-Output Fetal Circulation
• 15Fetal Cardiovascular Compromise

03

chapter-3

CEREBROPLACENTAL RATIO (CPR) ABNORMALITIES

• 1Low Cerebroplacental Ratio (CPR)
• 2Abnormal Cerebroplacental Ratio
• 3Cerebral Redistribution (Brain-Sparing Effect)
• 4Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR/IUGR)
• 5Placental Insufficiency
• 6Uteroplacental Insufficiency
• 7Fetal Hypoxemia
• 8Fetal Hemodynamic Compromise
• 9Impaired Fetoplacental Circulation
• 10Preeclampsia-Associated Placental Dysfunction
• 11Late-Onset Fetal Growth Restriction
• 12Fetal Compromise Due to Placental Dysfunction
• 13Abnormal Cerebral–Placental Circulatory Adaptation
• 14Increased Risk of Adverse Perinatal Outcome
• 15Fetal Hypoxia / Suspected Fetal Compromise

04

chapter-4

DUCTUS VENOSUS DOPPLER ABNORMALITIES

• 1Increased Ductus Venosus PI
• 2Abnormal Ductus Venosus Waveform
• 3Absent Ductus Venosus A-Wave
• 4Reversed Ductus Venosus A-Wave
• 5Ductus Venosus Pulsatility
• 6Fetal Cardiovascular Compromise
• 7Fetal Hypoxemia
• 8Severe Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR/IUGR)
• 9Severe Placental Insufficiency
• 10Fetal Hemodynamic Compromise
• 11Fetal Cardiac Dysfunction
• 12Fetal Heart Failure / Cardiac Decompensation
• 13Abnormal Venous Return
• 14Fetal Acid–Base Deterioration
• 15Impending Fetal Compromise
• 16Chromosomal Abnormality–Associated Doppler Abnormality
• 17Tricuspid Regurgitation–Associated Hemodynamic Abnormality
• 18Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS)–Associated Hemodynamic Abnormality

05

chapter-5

UMBILICAL VEIN DOPPLER ABNORMALITIES

• 1Pulsatile Umbilical Vein Flow
• 2Abnormal Umbilical Vein Waveform
• 3Increased Umbilical Vein Pulsatility
• 4Absent Umbilical Vein Flow
• 5Reduced Umbilical Vein Flow
• 6Abnormal Umbilical Venous Flow
• 7Fetal Cardiovascular Compromise
• 8Fetal Hemodynamic Compromise
• 9Fetal Hypoxemia
• 10Severe Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR/IUGR)
• 11Severe Placental Insufficiency
• 12Fetal Cardiac Dysfunction
• 13Fetal Heart Failure / Cardiac Decompensation
• 14Increased Central Venous Pressure
• 15Abnormal Venous Return
• 16Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS)–Associated Hemodynamic Abnormality
• 17Fetal Hydrops–Associated Hemodynamic Abnormality
• 18Umbilical Vein Varix
• 19Umbilical Vein Thrombosis
• 20Congenital Abnormality of the Umbilical Venous System

06

chapter-6

UTERINE ARTERY DOPPLER ABNORMALITIES

• 1Increased Uterine Artery PI
• 2Increased Uterine Artery RI
• 3Increased Uterine Artery S/D Ratio
• 4Persistent Early Diastolic Notch
• 5Bilateral Uterine Artery Notching
• 6Increased Uteroplacental Vascular Resistance
• 7Abnormal Uterine Artery Doppler
• 8Impaired Trophoblastic Invasion
• 9Uteroplacental Insufficiency
• 10Placental Insufficiency
• 11Abnormal Placentation
• 12Preeclampsia / Pre-eclampsia Risk
• 13Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR/IUGR)
• 14Early-Onset Fetal Growth Restriction
• 15Placental Dysfunction
• 16Placental Vascular Malperfusion
• 17Maternal Vascular Malperfusion
• 18Fetal–Placental Circulatory Compromise
• 19Increased Risk of Preterm Birth
• 20Increased Risk of Adverse Perinatal Outcome

07

chapter-7

CARDIAC DOPPLER ABNORMALITIES

• 1Tricuspid Regurgitation
• 2Mitral Regurgitation
• 3Pulmonary Regurgitation
• 4Abnormal Tricuspid Regurgitation Velocity
• 5Increased Peak Systolic Velocity Across Cardiac Valves
• 6Abnormal Ventricular Filling
• 7Abnormal E/A Ratio
• 8Abnormal Myocardial Performance Index (MPI / Tei Index)
• 9Ventricular Dysfunction
• 10Right Ventricular Dysfunction
• 11Left Ventricular Dysfunction
• 12Fetal Cardiac Dysfunction
• 13Fetal Heart Failure
• 14Fetal Cardiomyopathy
• 15Fetal Arrhythmia–Associated Doppler Abnormality
• 16Fetal Tachyarrhythmia
• 17Fetal Bradyarrhythmia
• 18Abnormal Aortic Flow
• 19Abnormal Pulmonary Artery Flow
• 20Aortic Stenosis
• 21Pulmonary Stenosis
• 22Abnormal Ductus Arteriosus Flow
• 23Abnormal Ductus Venosus Flow
• 24Abnormal Coronary Artery Flow
• 25Abnormal Cardiac Output
• 26High-Output Cardiac State
• 27Fetal Cardiovascular Compromise
• 28Fetal Hydrops–Associated Cardiac Dysfunction
• 29Fetal Anemia–Associated Cardiac Dysfunction
• 30Congenital Heart Disease–Associated Hemodynamic Abnormality

08

chapter-8

TWIN PREGNANCY DOPPLER ABNORMALITIES

• 1Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS)
• 2Twin Anemia–Polycythemia Sequence (TAPS)
• 3Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion (TRAP) Sequence
• 4Selective Fetal Growth Restriction (sFGR)
• 5Discordant Umbilical Artery Doppler
• 6Absent End-Diastolic Flow (AEDF) in One Twin
• 7Reversed End-Diastolic Flow (REDF) in One Twin
• 8Intermittent Absent/Reversed End-Diastolic Flow
• 9Discordant Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA) Doppler
• 10Abnormal MCA-PSV Suggesting Fetal Anemia
• 11Cerebral Redistribution / Brain-Sparing
• 12Abnormal Cerebroplacental Ratio (CPR)
• 13Discordant Ductus Venosus Doppler
• 14Absent/Reversed Ductus Venosus A-Wave
• 15Abnormal Umbilical Vein Flow
• 16Umbilical Vein Pulsatility
• 17Donor Twin Cardiovascular Compromise
• 18Recipient Twin Cardiovascular Overload
• 19Twin–Twin Hemodynamic Imbalance
• 20Fetal Cardiac Dysfunction
• 21Fetal Heart Failure
• 22Fetal Hydrops
• 23Placental Insufficiency in One Twin
• 24Intertwin Growth Discordance
• 25Intertwin Doppler Discordance
• 26Abnormal Fetoplacental Circulation
• 27Abnormal Fetal Cerebral Circulation
• 28Abnormal Fetal Venous Circulation
• 29Fetal Hypoxemia
• 30Fetal Hemodynamic Compromise

09

chapter-9

PLACENTAL & SPECIAL DOPPLER FINDINGS

• 1Placental Insufficiency
• 2Placental Vascular Malperfusion
• 3Maternal Vascular Malperfusion
• 4Fetal Vascular Malperfusion
• 5Abnormal Placental Vascular Resistance
• 6Abnormal Placental Perfusion
• 7Placental Hypoperfusion
• 8Placental Hyperperfusion
• 9Abnormal Placental Blood Flow
• 10Placental Infarction–Associated Flow Abnormality
• 11Placental Abruption–Associated Vascular Abnormality
• 12Placenta Accreta Spectrum–Associated Hypervascularity
• 13Placenta Previa–Associated Abnormal Vascularity
• 14Placental Lakes with Abnormal Flow
• 15Placental Chorioangioma–Associated Hypervascularity
• 16Abnormal Tumor Vascularity
• 17Placental Hematoma–Associated Flow Abnormality
• 18Abnormal Fetoplacental Circulation
• 19Abnormal Uteroplacental Circulation
• 20Abnormal Maternal–Fetal Circulation
• 21Abnormal Placental Cord Insertion
• 22Velamentous Cord Insertion with Abnormal Flow
• 23Marginal Cord Insertion with Abnormal Flow
• 24Vasa Previa with Abnormal Fetal Vessel Flow
• 25Fetal Vessel Compression
• 26Umbilical Cord Vessel Abnormality
• 27Umbilical Cord Cyst–Associated Vascular Abnormality
• 28Umbilical Cord Hematoma–Associated Flow Abnormality
• 29Umbilical Vein Varix
• 30Placental / Fetal Vessel Thrombosis
• 31Abnormal Fetal Surface Vessel Flow
• 32Abnormal Placental Anastomotic Flow in Monochorionic Twins
• 33Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome (TTTS)–Related Placental Flow Abnormality
• 34Twin Anemia–Polycythemia Sequence (TAPS)–Related Placental Flow Abnormality
• 35Selective Fetal Growth Restriction–Related Placental Dysfunction
• 36Abnormal Placental Perfusion in Preeclampsia
• 37Abnormal Placental Perfusion in Fetal Growth Restriction
• 38Placental Hypervascularity
• 39Abnormal Neovascularization
• 40Placental Arteriovenous / Vascular Malformation